This Signature Work project examines the psychological impact of ethnic violence, the broader determinants of mental health in post-conflict settings, and the factors that are associated with adverse mental health outcomes. It explores the adaptive coping mechanisms, exposure to pre- and post-displacement stressors, and their association with the mental health outcomes of internally displaced people (IDPs) in Southern Ethiopia. The results of this study suggest that mental health and psychosocial interventions should focus on alleviating certain stressors and strengthening communal networks. Our findings also indicate that community-based approaches may provide a promising target for interventions aimed at providing mental health and psychosocial support to IDPs in Southern Ethiopia.