| Using a qualitative content analysis methodology, this study reviewed 61 published studies on online education since 1986, focusing on applying education-related theories, practices, and assessments to the online environment. The purpose is to provide practical advice for those planning to study online education or utilize online methods to improve education. It also provides useful insights for anyone interested in this field, such as educators, parents, and the public. Based on the findings, this paper argues that effective education depends on the following requirements: 1) Motivated, active, and dynamic interactions between instructors and students and among students themselves; 2) Well-designed course content and learning materials for a combination of asynchronous and synchronous online modes and face-to-face forms of education; 3) Adequately prepared and supported learning technologies for online and on-site courses; and 4) A lively, disciplined, and favorable academic environment to realize a hybrid flexible education mode that combines face-to-face and online learning activities. In the process, this review hopes to promote ongoing discussion and research on effective strategies for educators to make the best use of online education to enhance student learning. In the context of the current debate about the cost and quality of higher education, this study can also help guide the development of higher education to enhance the return on education for students. |
