This research examines the influence of two health indicators, namely the HIV-infected and overweight population, on the economic growth of developing countries. By employing the fixed effects model with panel data spanning from 2000 to 2016, the analysis uncovers a detrimental effect of the overweight population on economic growth, while finding no significant evidence for HIV’s impact on GDP growth. The findings suggest that the impact of HIV infection on the economy might not be as serious as commonly perceived, whereas the economic consequences of being overweight may be more severe due to labor inefficiency and social costs. Consequently, this study emphasizes the significance of health issues and provides global policymakers with information to optimize economic well-being.